Saturday 31 December 2022

Pablo Pérez Ahumada (2022) Class politics (European Journal of Industrial Relations)

Pérez Ahumada, Pablo. 2022. “Class Politics, Collective Labor Rights, and Worker-Management Conflict in Comparative Perspective.” European Journal of Industrial Relations, Ahead-of-print version, 5 Nov, pp. 1-23. DOI: 10.1177/09596801221133453  

Abstract

This article studies how perceptions of worker-management conflict are shaped by individual-level and macro-level variables. Drawing upon data from 33 countries from the 2015 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), it uses multilevel models to examine how individual perceptions of worker-management conflict are affected by social class, union membership status, and the country-level protection of collective labor rights. The evidence supports the hypothesis that workers and union members perceive more conflict than employers and non-union members. The results also show that, as hypothesized, perceived workplace conflict is lower in countries with stronger protection of workers’ collective rights. Finally, contrary to an initial hypothesis, cross-level interactions suggest that in countries where collective rights are more strongly protected, union members perceive more worker-management conflict than non-union members. Contributions to the literature on class and power resources as well as to the recent debate on the “neoliberal convergence” of industrial relations (IR) systems are discussed.

Biographies

Pablo Pérez Ahumada is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Chile and Adjunct Researcher at the Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (COES, Chile) He is also Director of the Observatory of Labor Strikes (OHL – COES/UAH). His research focuses on social class, industrial relations, labor movements, and politics in Latin America.

Wednesday 30 November 2022

Josep Maria Antentas (2022), guest editor, "a special issue on global internationalism"

Special Issue

A Special Issue on Global Internationalism, Labor History

Guest editor, Josep Maria Antentas

 

Antentas, Josep Maria. 2022. “Global Internationalism: An Introduction.” Labor History 63(4): 425-40.

Nastovski, Katherine. 2022. “Transnational Labour Solidarity and the Question of Agency: A Social Dialectical Approach to the Field.” Labor History 63(4): 441-58.

Fox-Hodess, Katy. 2022. “The ‘Iron Law of Oligarchy’ and North-South Relations in Global Union Organisations: A Case Study of the International Dockworkers Council’s Expansion in the Global South.” Labor History 63(4): 459-78.

Musto, Marcello. 2022. “History and Political Legacy of the International Working Men’s Association.” Labor History 63(4): 479-91.

Prezioso, Stefanie. 2022. “Globalisation, Internationalism and the Great War.” Labor History 63(4): 492-502.

Walsh, Owen. 2022. “The Human Ocean of the Colored Races”: Interwar Black Internationalism, Marxism, and Permanent Revolution.” Labor History 63(4): 503-17.

Ritchie, Genevieve. 2022. “Migration as Class Struggle: Refugee Youth, Work Rights, and Solidarity.” Labor History 63(4): 518-30.


Michele Ford and Michael Gillan (2022) "Understanding global union repertoires of action"

Ford, Michele and Michael Gillan. 2022. “Understanding Global Union Repertoires of Action.” Industrial Relations Journal 53: 559-77.

Abstract

Unlike national trade unions, which operate within country-specific industrial relations systems, Global Unions have an international mandate and multi-scalar positionality. As a consequence, their repertoires of action and the opportunity structures available to them differ from those of national unions. Drawing on qualitative interview data and fieldwork observations, we propose a typology of different strategic domains used by the Global Union Federations (GUFs), which identifies their characteristics, scale and constraints. We then discuss two cases that illustrate how complementary strategies of (a) engaging in incremental innovation and (b) combining repertoires from different strategic domains have supported the GUFs' desire to play a stronger role as global labour governance intermediaries.

Lefeng LIN (2022) "Power resources and workplace collective bargaining"

Lin, Lefeng. 2022. “Power Resources and Workplace Collective Bargaining: Evidence from China.” The Journal of Chinese Sociology 9: 1-27.

Abstract

During the strike wave of 2010, S provincial authority began to support trade unions in experimenting with workplace union elections and collective bargaining. Drawing data from union documents and ethnographic research, the variability in workplace collective bargaining in the context of official union reform in Y City in S Province is explained in this article. By comparing multiple enterprise union collective bargaining cases, four models of workplace collective bargaining in practice are identified in the research: moderated mobilization, technical negotiation, collective consultation, and managerial domination. Using the power resources approach to analyze collective bargaining, the author argues that the various practices result from the dynamic interactions between workers’ power configuration and employers’ perception of disruption. Furthermore, the author argues that the variability in workplace collective bargaining is not a transient phenomenon but a semi-institutionalized middle ground.


Jörg Nowak (2022) "Data Labour as Alienated or Liberated Labour?"

Nowak, Jörg. 2022. “Data Labour as Alienated or Liberated Labour? Proposals for Radical Economic Change from the Silicon Valley in the Light of Technological Reification.” Global Political Economy 1(2): 293-307. 

Abstract

This article delivers a critical analysis of the proposal to pay wages or royalties to data providers for any form of provision of digital data. It has been developed primarily by researchers of the Microsoft research department. The proposal to create mediators of individual data as trade unions of data providers aims at economic inclusion of everyday users of computers and smartphones. The article analyses the shortcomings of the proposal which does not consider the issue that many workers are obliged to provide data at their workplaces, and the problem of increasing digital tracking of workers’ productive activities. Furthermore, the proposal to pay wages for everyday activities lacks any strategy or vision to create more meaningful and satisfying work relations. 


Monday 31 October 2022

Darragh Golden and Roland Erne (2022, European Journal of Industrial Relations)

Golden, Darragh and Roland Erne. 2022. “Ryanair Pilots: Unlikely Pioneers of Transnational Collective Action.” European Journal of Industrial Relations. First published online 6 May.

Abstract

In aviation, EU single market rules empowered Ryanair over three decades to defeat all pilot unions across Europe, regardless of the notionally strong power resources on which they were relying in their countries. Nonetheless, in December 2017, a transnational group of union-related pilots, the European Employee Representative Committee was critical in forcing Ryanair to finally recognize trade unions. This study shows that multinationals’ ability to circumvent national union power resources does not necessarily undermine transnational collective action. Hence, transnational union strength does not primarily depend on an aggregation of national power resources, but on union activists’ ability to exploit union-friendly peculiarities that the EU governance regime is also providing. We show that the apparently weaker institutional power resources at EU level provides more effective leverage for transnational collective action than apparently stronger power resources embedded within French, Danish, or Norwegian labour law. This requires an understanding of scale.

Szabó, Imre G., Darragh Golden and Roland Erne (2022 JCMS)

Why Do some Labour Alliances Succeed in Politicizing Europe across Borders? 

A Comparison of the Right2Water and Fair Transport European Citizens’ Initiatives

Journal of Common Market Studies 60(3): 634-652. 

by IMRE  G.  SZABÓ, DARRAGH  GOLDEN and  ROLAND  ERNE

University College  Dublin,  Dublin

Abstract

Under what conditions can organized labour successfully politicize the European integration process across borders? To answer this question, we compare the European Citizens’ Initiatives (ECIs)of two European trade union federations: EPSU’s successful Right2Water ECI and ETF’s unsuccessful Fair Transport ECI. Our comparison reveals that actor-centred factors matter–namely, unions’ ability to create broad coalitions. Successful transnational labour campaigns, however, also depend on structural conditions, namely, the prevailing mode of EU integration pressures faced by unions at a given time. Whereas the Right2Water ECI pre-emptively countered commodification attempts by the European Commission in water services, the Fair Transport ECI attempted to ensure fair working conditions aftermost of the transport sector had been liberalized. Vertical EU integration attempts that commodify public services are thus more likely to generate successful transnational counter-movements than the horizontal integration pressures on wages and working conditions that followed earlier successful EU liberalization drives.

Keywords: European integration; governance; public services; trade unions; social movements; direct democracy

Friday 30 September 2022

Essential but not empowered (Simon Black)

Essential but not empowered: reflections on the working class in Canada under COVID-19

Pages 130-152 | Published online: 06 Sep 2022

This paper focuses on the political economy of work and labour under COVID-19 in the Canadian context. It reviews the impact of the COVID crisis on employment and workers, highlighting gendered and racialized inequalities in waged and unwaged work, analyzes state responses to the crisis, and explores how organized labour has navigated COVID capitalism. It argues that, while unions have engaged in necessary defensive struggles, the labour movement has not prioritized and won class-wide demands.

Poverty and Pacification: A Conversation with Dorothy J. Solinger

Written On 

Thursday 30 June 2022

Goods and Ellem (2022) Employer Associations

Goods, Caleb and Bradon Ellem. 2022. “Employer Associations: Climate Change, Power and Politics.” Economic and Industrial Democracy. First Published 11 March, pp. 1-23.

Abstract

How employer associations deploy their power resources to frame and pursue members’ interests in the making of public policy is of marked importance in many economies. This is strikingly so in Australia where employer associations have, over a 30-year period, shaped a critically important industrial relations policy space – climate change. In exploring this issue, in this article the authors combine studies from industrial relations and political science to show that, despite suggestions of employer association decline, these organisations exert influence over policymaking in both ‘noisy’ and ‘quiet’ ways. These forms of influence can be understood as linked to specific sources of power – structural, associational, institutional, societal – as employer associations define and pursue members’ interests.

Goods, Herod, Ellem and Rainnie (2021) Warring Brothers

Goods, Caleb, Andrew Herod, Bradon Ellem and Al Rainnie. 2021. “Irmãos em guerra: construindo as redes globais de produção da Komatsu e da Caterpillar”/”Warring Brothers: Constructing Komatsu’s and Caterpillar’s Globalization.” Tempo Social 33(2): 123-42.

ABSTRACT

We detail how the world’s two largest engineering machinery firms, Japan’s Komatsu and the US’s Caterpillar, actively managed geographical concerns to become global actors. We argue that their globalization was not a teleological given but had to be proactively made. Both the state and organized labor played significant roles in shaping their geographical evolutions, as did their efforts to outmaneuver each other spatially. Their globalization, then, was part of a broader spatial politics under capitalism.

Keywords: Geography; Global production networks; Global scale; Komatsu; Caterpillar

RESUMO

O artigo compara os caminhos percorridos pelas duas maiores empresas de máquinas de engenharia do mundo, a japonesa Komatsu e a americana Caterpillar para se tornarem “atores globais”. É investigada a forma como ambas as empresas gerenciavam ativamente as questões geográficas à medida que cresciam. Como “irmãos em guerra”, elas não apenas competiam entre si, mas, ao longo do processo, acabaram por moldar a forma organizacional uma da outra enquanto construíam ativamente a escala global de sua própria existência - sua globalização, em outras palavras, não era um dado, mas teve de ser construída proativamente. Tanto o Estado quanto o trabalho organizado desempenharam papéis significativos no desenho das evoluções geográficas de ambas as empresas.

Palavras-chave: Globalização; Geografia; Redes globais de produção; Escala global; Komatsu; Caterpillar

Leapfrog Logistics (Nowak, Rolf and Wei 2022)

Nowak, Jörg, Steven Rolf and Wei Wei. 2022. “Leapfrog Logistics: Digital Platforms, Infrastructure, and Labor in Brazil and China.” Phenomenal World. June. 

In Spring 2018, two significant labor disputes broke out at opposite ends of the earth. The first, in Brazil, was an 11 day mass strike of 400,000 truckers in response to successive price increases unleashed by the state oil company, Petrobras, liberalizing diesel prices. The second, in China, was a large strike which spread across the nation in response to low fees paid by digital trucking platforms, which account for a growing share of China’s road freight market. 

...

Wednesday 1 June 2022

New Global Studies Editor’s Forum (2022): Workers’ Movements and the Global Supply Chain

New Global Studies Editor’s Forum: Workers’ Movements and the Global Supply Chain

Vol. 16, Issue 1 (2022): April

Guest-editors: Robert Ovetz and Jake Alimahomed-Wilson

Contributors: Andrew Waterman, Ben Norman, Andrea Bottalico, Nantina Vgontzas, Carlotta Benvegnù, David Gaborieau, Lucas Tranchant, Ercüment Çelik, Simon Norbert Schmid

Reportage: Gifford Hartman

Book Reviews: Bryonny Goodwin-Hawkins, Brett Bowden, Sarp Kurgan, Steven E. Harris


Volume 16 Issue 1 - Editors’ Forum: Workers’ Movements and the Global Supply Chain; Guest-editors: Robert Ovetz and Jake Alimahomed-Wilson

April 2022

Issue of New Global Studies

Global Labour Journal (May 2022) on African Trade Unions

Global Labor Journal Special Issue: African Trade Unions

Vol. 13, No. 2 (2022): May

An Update on Editorial Changes at the GLJ: Maria Lorena Cook, Alexander Gallas, Neethi P, Ben Scully

Guest-editor: Mark McQuinn

Contributors: Mark McQuinn, Samuel Andreas Admasie, F.M.K. Sallah, Lone Riisgaard, Mihaela Cojocaru

Global Issues: Mihaela Cojocaru, Mark McQuinn; Steve Crowley

Book Reviews: Andrea Muehlebach; Carlos Mejia; Maurizio Atzeni; Jörg Nowak

CURRENT ISSUE

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): May 2022 (Special Issue)

African Trade Unions (guest edited by Mark McQuinn)

PUBLISHED: 2022-05-31

Jörg Nowak (2022) Brazil and Bolsonaro

Nowak, Jörg. 2022. “Brazil and Bolsonaro: Political Consolidation and New Corruption Scandals.” SP (Socialist Project). 26 April. 

Brazil and Bolsonaro: Political Consolidation and New Corruption Scandals

The arrangements between Brazilian political parties for the upcoming October presidential and state elections are almost complete. Until March 31 of this year, the political system permitted members of Parliament to switch between political parties. As there are 23 parties represented in Parliament, with often very loose ideological frameworks, such changes can be quite significant, and this year was not an exception.

In the first months of this year a huge influx of representatives into the Liberal Party (PL) took place, which President Jair Bolsonaro joined at the end of 2021 after remaining without party affiliation for more than two years. The number of PL delegates in the Congress grew from 43 to 75, and that party is now the largest parliamentary group.

Bolsonaro’s former party, the Social Liberal Party (PSL), was split between his followers and detractors, and it recently fused with the right-wing Democrats Party (DEM) in order to form the new Brazil Union party (União Brasil, UB). Twenty-nine of the 32 new members of the PL in Parliament come from the UB, and in this way, Bolsonaro has consolidated his power base in Congress in quite a spectacular fashion.

....

Katy Fox-Hodess (2022) in Labor History

Fox-Hodess, Katy. 2022. “The ‘Iron Law of Oligarchy’ and North-South Relations in Global Union Organisations: A Case Study of the International Dockworkers Council’s Expansion in the Global South.” Labor History. Published Online: 29 April, pp. 1-20.

Global union organisations face recurrent organisational challenges concerning 1) the tendency towards bureaucratisation and oligarchy as they operate at increasing scales and 2) the tendency to reinscribe unequal relations of power between trade unions in the Global North and the Global South. This double problem is investigated through a case study of the International Dockworkers Council (IDC), an independent global union organisation, which underwent a period of rapid expansion in the Global South, particularly in Latin America, in the 2010’s. The IDC has been remarkably successful in adapting its organisational model, developed in Europe, to the Latin American context, building an effective regional-level organisation of rank-and-file activists while relying more heavily than in Europe on a regional coordinator as denser relationships within the regional network develop. At the same time, at the global level, the story is somewhat more mixed. Latin American activists have the autonomy to develop and carry out their own priorities with appropriate financial, industrial and technical support from the global organisation. Yet, the Global South’s influence on shaping the global organisation as a whole is less evident. In addition, organisational changes brought about by global expansion raise concerns about bureaucratisation and oligarchy at the global level.

 

Friday 29 April 2022

Ercüment Çelik and Simon Norbert Schmid (2022) in New Global Studies

Çelik, Ercüment and Simon Norbert Schmid. 2022. “Global Justice Advocacy, Trade Unions and the Supply Chain Law Initiative in Germany.” New Global Studies 16 (1): 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2022-0005

Abstract

This article focuses on the Supply Chain Law Initiative in Germany (SCLI)/Initiative Lieferkettengesetz as a case of global justice advocacy. The SCLI was a campaign by German civil society organizations that advocated for a law that would make it mandatory for corporations active in Germany to respect human, labor, and environmental rights along their supply chains. This research explores the strategies for advocacy used by the SCLI in the process of effective law-making. It also investigates the role of the SCLI in the context of global labor solidarity. The research results show that although this new law has some shortcomings in terms of international human rights standards, it has achieved partial progress as one of the most successful examples of alliance building between unions and civil society organizations in Germany. The SCLI has brought about a paradigm shift from voluntary towards mandatory due diligence. This experience can be carried one step further to accomplish a supply chain law at the European Union level. The authors argue that the SCLI experience opens up a new stage for rethinking the structural dilemma of unions in Germany in choosing between global solidarity and national corporatist social partnership.


Corresponding author: Ercüment ÇelikUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany, E-mail: 

Jonathan Pattenden (2022) The Patriarchy of Accumulation

Pattenden, Jonathan. 2022. “The Patriarchy of Accumulation: Homework, Fieldwork and the Production-Reproduction Nexus in Rural Indonesia.” Canadian Journal of Development Studies, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2022.2054784  

This article argues that patriarchy expands capitalist accumulation by increasing surplus labour-time, lowering production costs, and dividing and controlling workers. Consequently, patriarchy increases profits, manages intra-capitalist competition, and impedes labour’s capacity to organise. Analysing how it does so can inform counter-strategies. Based on fieldwork in two West Java villages, the article analyses four forms of patriarchal accumulation: (i) reproductive labour underpinned by the ideology of housewifeization; (ii) the gendered production of cheap foodgrains; (iii) the production of street-food that reduces reproduction time and costs; and (iv) the extension of labour-time through low-waged homework squeezed into the rhythms of reproductive labour.

RÉSUMÉ

Dans le présent article, nous soutenons que le patriarcat favorise l’accumulation capitaliste, en augmentant le surplus de temps de travail, en diminuant les coûts de production, et en divisant les travailleurs pour mieux les contrôler. En conséquence, le patriarcat accroît les profits, régule la compétition intra-capitaliste, et limite la capacité des travailleurs à s’organiser. C’est l’analyse de ce processus qui nous permet d’élaborer des contre-stratégies. Cet article se base sur des recherches sur le terrain, menées dans deux villages situés dans l’est de Java, pour analyser quatre formes d’accumulation patriarcale : (i) le travail reproductif sous-tendu par l’idéologie de housewifeization ; (ii) la production genrée de céréales à bas prix ; (iii) la production de street-food qui réduit le temps et le coût de production ; (iii) l’extension du temps de travail par le biais de travail à la maison peu rémunéré et intégré de force dans les rythmes de travail reproductif.


 

Kim Scipes (2022) The only commonality is uncommonality

Scipes, Kim. 2022. “The Only Commonality is Uncommonality.” Class, Race and Corporate Power 10(1). https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower/vol10/iss1/4/

 

Abstract

Noting the extensive number of progressive protests, mobilizations, and social disruption from below since the mid-1980s, not just in the US but around the world, this article suggests that what is going on is the expansion of the global economic and social justice movement, a bottom-up form of globalization. It suggests that this is, ultimately, a rejection of industrial civilization itself. And it points out, through an examination of the effects of climate change, that the continued existence of industrial civilization is imposing a burden on the peoples of the world that far outweighs its benefits, and suggests that protests will expand as more and more people understand the costs of industrial civilization.

Thursday 31 March 2022

Made in China Journal (Sep-Dec 2021) Being Water: Streams of Hong Kong Futures

MADE IN CHINA JOURNAL

Made in China Journal. “Being Water: Streams of Hong Kong Futures.”

September–December 2021.

Online access: https://madeinchinajournal.com/2022/03/09/being-water/






Veronika Lemeire and Patrizia Zanoni (2022) European Journal of Industrial Relations

Lemeire, Veronika and Patrizia Zanoni. 2022. “Beyond methodological nationalism in explanations of gender equality: The impact of EU policies on gender provisions in national collective agreements in Belgium (1957–2020).” European Journal of Industrial Relations 28(1): 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596801211027400

Based on an analysis of gender equality provisions in national collective agreements, this article investigates the influence of European Union (EU) gender and macro-economic policy on gender equality outcomes in Belgium since the signature of the Treaty of Rome in 1957. We show that, over time, EU gender equality policies have led to the adoption of provisions promoting formal gender equality and the integration of women in the labour market. At the same time, EU macro-economic policies have stimulated labour flexibility, promoting part-time work largely filled by women, and imposed wage moderation, which has fundamentally hampered the correction of historical indirect gender discrimination in wages. Overall, EU policies have stimulated the transformation of the conservative male breadwinner model of this coordinated market economy (CME) into a gendered ‘one-and-a-half earner’ model, a transformation partially enforced through the increased interference of the state transposing EU policies. Our study advances the current literature by pointing to the limitations of prevalent methodologically nationalist explanations of gender equality outcomes in CMEs. More specifically, it shows that the gender equality provisions of national collective bargaining agreements in CMEs cannot be understood independent of EU gender and macro-economic policies.

Anand Parappadi Krishnan (2022) China Report

Krishnan, Anand Parappadi. 2022. “Vanguard to periphery: The CPC’s changing narrative on the labour question.” China Report 58(1): 60–74. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00094455221074247

With the ideological undergirding of Marxism–Leninism, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has claimed representation of peasants and workers in its vanguard role in actualising the socialist revolution. However, as China has developed economically over the past four decades, there has been an erosion in the status of workers and peasants as legitimate stakeholders in governance and ruling practices. This article attempts to map how labour, once a critical component of the CPC’s political–ideological invocation, has become peripheral as China transitioned to a market economy with an emphasis on economic rationale for growth and reforms. It examines the changing contours of the CPC’s discourse and practice over the past 100 years on the labour question, sandwiched as it is between the need for continued economic growth as a legitimating tool and the continued reiteration of being representative of the working class.

Cioce, Gabriella, Ian Clark and James Hunter (2022) Industrial Relations Journal

Cioce, Gabriella, Ian Clark and James Hunter. 2022. “How does informalisation encourage or inhibit collective action by migrant workers? A comparative analysis of logistics warehouses in Italy and hand car washes in Britain.” Industrial Relations Journal 53(2): 126–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/irj.12359

Funding information: The Home Office; Arts and Humanities Research Council

Abstract

Cross-national research is key to understanding the global presence of informal and non-compliant workplaces. This article comparatively examines how informalisation encourages or inhibits collective action led by migrant workers employed in Italian logistics warehouses (LWs) and the British hand car washes (HCWs). The term collective action derives from mobilisation theory and refers to joint resistance initiatives developed by workers and labour organisations to improve work conditions. The article argues that migrant labour does not necessarily lead to informal practices and claims that labour market regulatory agencies and trade unions play an important but dialectical role in responding to labour market non-compliance and informality. Finally, it notes that sector-based specificities contribute to and potentially inhibit the emergence of collective dynamics in such workplaces.